Twitter’s stock jumped on news that the company is being added to the S&P 500.

This may be a good time to sell Twitter TWTR, +0.24%[1]

That’s because stocks added to major U.S. stock market benchmarks such as the S&P 500 SPX, +0.15%[2]  tend to lag the market over the next several years. In fact, the new stock in a benchmark frequently underperforms the stock it replaced.

Twitter’s addition to the S&P 500 [3]is a perfect opportunity for investors to learn about the risks inherent in popular companies that are riding high and the attractive long-term potential of stocks that are out of favor.

Take the changes made in September 2013 to the Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA, +0.46%[4]  . That’s when three stocks were removed (Alcoa AA, -0.46%[5]  , Bank of America BAC, +1.96%[6]  , and HP HPQ, -0.49%[7]   in favor of Goldman Sachs GS, +0.83%[8]  , Nike NKE, +1.09%[9]   and V, +0.86%[10]  

Since then, according to FactSet, the three deleted stocks have produced an average annualized total return of 21.5%, versus a gain of 17.1% for the three stocks that replaced them.

(Note that we’ll never know if Twitter will end up lagging the stock it replaced — Monsanto MON, +0.01%[11]  . That’s because Monsanto is being acquired by Bayer AG...

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